| SSPC: Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict

COMMENTARIES (December 10, 2025)

Biological Disasters, Climate Extremes, and India’s Air Power–Driven Humanitarian Outreach

AJEY LELE

This commentary reviews the Indian Air Force's disaster relief efforts, focusing on biological and climate emergencies that challenge Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) frameworks. The IAF, as the primary responder, plays a vital role in domestic and international missions, thereby demonstrating the importance of air power in India’s disaster response and humanitarian efforts.

Biological Disasters, Climate Extremes, and India’s Air Power–Driven Humanitarian Outreach

Book Review (October 22, 2025)

50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention: Tracking the Journey

Mahesh Ranjan Debata

"50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention" honors the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in its Golden Jubilee year (2025), recognizing it as “a foundational pillar of global disarmament and non-proliferation.”

50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention: Tracking the Journey

SSPC ISSUE BRIEF (October 18, 2025)

RECALIBRATING INDIA’S AIRPOWER STRATEGY: Managing Fighter Squadron Deficits in a Two-Front War Scenario

AJAY KUMAR DAS

The issue brief examines whether the IAF can sustain its required squadron strength against Pakistan and China and how this shortfall affects its readiness for a two-front war. It also assesses how force multipliers, technology, and evolving doctrines can offset numerical disadvantages and redefine India’s airpower strategy.

RECALIBRATING INDIA’S AIRPOWER STRATEGY: Managing Fighter Squadron Deficits in a Two-Front War Scenario

COUNTER TERRORISM PERSPECTIVES

Militant Violence in Jammu and Kashmir Post-Abrogation of Article 370

ANIMESH ROUL (CTC Sentinel, September 2025)

This article presents a chronological and thematic analysis of militant violence in Jammu and Kashmir from the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution in August 2019 to July 2025. It traces three distinct phases: an initial decline in attacks due to lockdowns and security restrictions (2019-2020); a resurgence marked by hybrid militancy, targeted killings, and intimidation of civilians (2021-2023); and a lethal escalation involving high-profile and audacious assaults, intensified counterterrorism operations, and cross-border tensions (2024-2025).

Militant Violence in Jammu and Kashmir Post-Abrogation of Article 370

BOOK REVIEW (July 01, 2025)

Climate Refugees in South Asia: Protection Under International Legal Standards and State Practices in South Asia

Urvika Sharma

'Climate Refugees in South Asia' examines the convergence between climate change, displacement, and international law. It focuses specifically upon this intersection in the South Asian context. It is not just a study of legal frameworks, but it also highlights how current structures fail to respond adequately to the urgent humanitarian challenges of today.