The security environment in South East Asia is being challenged from several directions. The region is plagued with piracy, and has also witnessed maritime terrorism-related activities, drug smuggling, gun running and illegal migration. Some of these have the potential to disrupt and destroy maritime enterprise. Efforts have been made by regional countries to address these problems and there has been an encouraging response to their efforts to combat disorder at sea.

Considered a newcomer to the problem of insurgency in comparison to other Northeastern states of India, Meghalaya has been witnessing organized armed violence since the early 1990s. Over a period, intermittent violence led to full-fledged insurgency movement, camouflaging itself under the cover of a movement based on ethnic identity. The situation has been manipulated by the social elites, including politicians and bureaucracy while the disillusioned youths have been a pawn in the game of power struggle.

Of particular concern for India is the increasing collusion between Pakistan’s ISI and Bangladesh’s military intelligence establishment, the DGFI, to keep India’s North East bleeding “with a thousand cuts” by stepping up anti-India activities from Bangladesh. The ISI facilitates meetings between various Indian insurgent groups, arranges funds, weapons and ammunition for them, which has resulted in the emergence of Bangladesh as a major transit base for smuggling of arms into India.