Multilateral institutions are neither geographically representative nor politically democratic institutions in the contemporary scenario.

Pakistan must be prepared to renegotiate the treaty to accommodate new challenges especially mainstreaming climate change in IWT for its own benefit.  

A dramatic title aimed at western influenced security scholars, 'Is China aiming to weaponize water'- in an English daily based in Geneva on 31^st January, has once again triggered apprehensions in India of unilateral water diversion in the Brahmaputra River by China. Weeks ago, Kathmandu-based news portal Epardafas first reported that China is constructing a huge dam on the Mabja Zangbo River for a future water war. Due to the strained relationship between the countries, the Chinese dam buildings have created ripples in public discourse.

On the eve of Human Rights Day, President Draupadi Murmu expressively spoke about the dignity and rights of nature. In Montreal, the 15^th Conference of Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) tried to iron out a fair and just global biodiversity governance system. Meanwhile, in Dubai, during the inauguration of India Global Forum UAE 2022, External Affairs Minister Dr Jaishankar slammed developed countries that, despite occupying major carbon space, they are not helping poorer countries in addressing climate change.

Expectations from this chapter of the climate conference may not be substantive.  

On October 31, 2022, China successfully launched the third and last space-station module, Mengtian. This module is required to complete the building of China's space station by the end of 2022. This space station is known as Tiangong, and after the full operationalisation of this station, China would become the only third country in the world, after the US and Russia, to have their own space station.