The issue brief examines whether the IAF can sustain its required squadron strength against Pakistan and China and how this shortfall affects its readiness for a two-front war. It also assesses how force multipliers, technology, and evolving doctrines can offset numerical disadvantages and redefine India’s airpower strategy.

This article presents a chronological and thematic analysis of militant violence in Jammu and Kashmir from the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution in August 2019 to July 2025. It traces three distinct phases: an initial decline in attacks due to lockdowns and security restrictions (2019-2020); a resurgence marked by hybrid militancy, targeted killings, and intimidation of civilians (2021-2023); and a lethal escalation involving high-profile and audacious assaults, intensified counterterrorism operations, and cross-border tensions (2024-2025).

'Climate Refugees in South Asia' examines the convergence between climate change, displacement, and international law. It focuses specifically upon this intersection in the South Asian context. It is not just a study of legal frameworks, but it also highlights how current structures fail to respond adequately to the urgent humanitarian challenges of today. 

The issue brief provides an in-depth analysis of the 2025 India-Pakistan conflict, focusing on the strategic use of loitering munitions and Suppression of Enemy Air Defences (SEAD) in modern warfare. It examines the implications of the possible use of these technologies within the context of Operation Sindoor.